1. Rooftop Catchment & First‑Flush Systems
By channeling roof runoff through a first‑flush diverter, impurities are excluded before water enters storage. Modern designs employ self‑cleaning gutters and fine mesh filters to achieve >95% collection efficiency.
- Materials: UV‑stabilized PVC pipes, stainless‑steel mesh.
- Storage: Aboveground tanks (polyethylene or ferrocement), underground cisterns.
- Applications: Domestic drinking water (with treatment), irrigation, toilet flushing.